5,278 research outputs found
Creation and characterization of vector vortex modes for classical and quantum communication
Vector vortex beams are structured states of light that are non-separable in
their polarisation and spatial mode, they are eigenmodes of free-space and many
fibre systems, and have the capacity to be used as a modal basis for both
classical and quantum communication. Here we outline recent progress in our
understanding of these modes, from their creation to their characterization and
detection. We then use these tools to study the propagation behaviour of such
modes in free-space and optical fibre and show that modal cross-talk results in
a decay of vector states into separable scalar modes, with a concomitant loss
of information. We present a comparison between probabilistic and deterministic
detection schemes showing that the former, while ubiquitous, negates the very
benefit of increased dimensionality in quantum communication while reducing
signal in classical communication links. This work provides a useful
introduction to the field as well as presenting new findings and perspectives
to advance it further
A space division multiplexed free-space-optical communication system that can auto-locate and fully self align with a remote transceiver
Free-Space Optical (FSO) systems offer the ability to distribute high speed digital links into remote and rural communities where terrain, installation cost or infrastructure security pose critical hurdles to deployment. A challenge in any point-to-point FSO system is initiating and maintaining optical alignment from the sender to the receiver. In this paper we propose and demonstrate a low-complexity self-aligning FSO prototype that can completely self-align with no requirement for initial manual positioning and could therefore form the opto-mechanical basis for a mesh network of optical transceivers. The prototype utilises off-the-shelf consumer electrical components and a bespoke alignment algorithm. We demonstrate an eight fibre spatially multiplexed link with a loss of 15 dB over 210 m
Hawkes process as a model of social interactions: a view on video dynamics
We study by computer simulation the "Hawkes process" that was proposed in a
recent paper by Crane and Sornette (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 15649
(2008)) as a plausible model for the dynamics of YouTube video viewing numbers.
We test the claims made there that robust identification is possible for
classes of dynamic response following activity bursts. Our simulated timeseries
for the Hawkes process indeed fall into the different categories predicted by
Crane and Sornette. However the Hawkes process gives a much narrower spread of
decay exponents than the YouTube data, suggesting limits to the universality of
the Hawkes-based analysis.Comment: Added errors to parameter estimates and further description. IOP
style, 13 pages, 5 figure
The Epidemiology of U.S. Immunization Law: Mandated Coverage of Immunizations Under State Health Insurance Laws
Immunizations represent both basic clinical care as well as an essential public health activity with population-wide health implications, and for a number of reasons, the focus on national immunization policy has intensified in recent years. Insurers and employee health plans may cover immunization services as a matter of benefit design choice. Federal and state insurance laws also may mandate coverage of one or more classes of immunization services. For approximately 100 million persons who are members of state-regulated health insurance plans, state law plays a primary role in determining coverage. Thus the extent of state immunization health insurance mandates is essential in examining the overall adequacy of health insurance financing for immunization services.
This analysis is part of a comprehensive study of the epidemiology of U.S. immunization law. It provides a detailed assessment of state immunization statutes in force as of winter 2003
A compact acoustic spanner to rotate macroscopic objects
Waves can carry both linear and angular momentum. When the wave is transverse (e.g. light), the angular momentum can be characterised by the “spin” angular momentum associated with circular polarisation, and the “orbital” angular momentum (OAM) arising from the phase cross-section of the beam. When the wave is longitudinal (e.g. sound) there is no polarization and hence no spin angular momentum. However, a suitably phase-structured sound beam can still carry OAM. Observing the transfer of OAM from sound to a macroscopic object provides an excellent opportunity to study the exchange of energy between waves and matter. In this paper we show how to build a compact free-space acoustic spanner based on a 3D-printed sound-guiding structure and common electronic components. We first characterise the sound fields by measuring both phase and amplitude maps, and then show a video of our free-space acoustic spanner in action, in which macroscopic objects spin in a circular motion and change direction of rotation according to the handedness of the OAM acoustic field
Longitudinal magnetic excitations in classical spin systems
Using spin dynamics simulations we predict the splitting of the longitudinal
spin wave peak in all antiferromagnets with single site anisotropy into two
peaks separated by twice the energy gap at the Brillouin zone center. This
phenomenon has yet to be observed experimentally but can be easily investigated
through neutron scattering experiments on MnF and FeF. We have also
determined that for all classical Heisenberg models the longitudinal
propagative excitations are entirely multiple spin-wave in nature.Comment: four pages three figures, the last two postscript files are two parts
of the third figur
Charge Ordering and Phase Competition in the Layered Perovskite Lasr2mn2o7
Charge-lattice fluctuations are observed in the layered perovskite manganite
LaSr2Mn2O7 by Raman spectroscopy as high as 340 K and with decreasing
temperature they become static and form a charge ordered (CO) phase below
TCO=210 K. In the static regime, superlattice reflections are observed through
neutron and x-ray diffraction with a propagation vector (h+1/4,k-1/4,l).
Crystallographic analysis of the CO state demonstrates that the degree of
charge and orbital ordering in this manganite is weaker than the charge
ordering in three dimensional perovskite manganites. A TN=170K a type-A
antiferromagnetism (AF) develops and competes with the charge ordering, that
eventually melts below T*=100K. High resolution diffraction measurements
suggest that that CO- and AF-states do not coincide within the same region in
the material but rather co-exist as separate phases. The transition to type-A
antiferromagnetism at lower temperatures is characterized by the competition
between these two phases.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
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